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- Overview
- Economy - overview: Since
the 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and
integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Four decades ago,
GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of
Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion dollar club of
world economies. Today its GDP per capita is equal to the lesser
economies of the EU. This success was achieved by a system of close
government/business ties, including directed credit, import
restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor
effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and
technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and
investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-99
exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model,
including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an
undisciplined financial sector. GDP plunged by 6.9% in 1998, then
recovered 9.5% in 1999 and 8.5% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% in
2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the
perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms had stalled.
Led by consumer spending and exports, growth in 2002 was an impressive
7%, despite anemic global growth. Between 2003 and 2006, growth
moderated to about 4-5%. A downturn in consumer spending was offset by
rapid export growth. Moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export
surplus, and fairly equal distribution of income characterize this solid
economy. The
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